What basic "extra" software is required for programming and other major uses.
GIMP Graphics Manipulation
Python - the programming language
Geany - a GUI front end to Python
Programs such as geany do not come with the system so you need to download this. Different flavours of Linux do this in different ways often using diffferent commands.
Example of how to download geany.
I also decided to install Chromium - since I like Google Chrome ( and it isn't avaialble but the open source version is).
From the Command line
sudo apt-get chromium
This command downloads and installs the program into the graphical interface.