History: why organisations are formed, common characteristics, variations in size, purpose Classification: public service, industrial, commercial Organisational structures: traditional hierarchical, flatter Information: forms (verbal, documentary, electronic), types (customer, supplier, market,
sales, operational, design, purchase) Communication: upward, downwards and sideways Role of information: for strategic planning and operational control
2 Functional areas Departments: internal (sales, personnel, purchasing, design, marketing, finance, operations) Related external bodies and agencies: customers, suppliers, legal and statutory bodies Division of organisations: geographical, departmental, functional area Information flows: between internal functions and with outside bodies and agencies,
information flow diagram ICT support of information flows: email, EDI, tele and video conferencing, www, intranets
and extranets, EFTPOS, FAX, Telex, portable devices
3 Data handling and processing Data controlsMethods: batch, transaction, information storage and retrieval, time-sharing, real-time
(process control and information processing), centralised, distributed Data handling applications: accounts (basic functions of sales, purchasing and nominal
ledger) payroll, sales order processing, invoicing, purchase ordering, stock control,
bookings, personnel System life cycle: stages and importance to development of organisations
4 Business system Physical elements: to protect health and safety, privacy, integrity and security of data,
forms of data (electronic, paper) Operational requirements: procedures to protect data (loss, privacy, integrity), Health and
Safety Act (ergonomics, office layout), Data Protection Act (privacy of data), Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act (copyright of data), Computer Misuse Act (fraud and computer
misuse)
E-commerce: benefits of e-commerce and its role within business information systems